The content of this module are based on materials from: olivier gimenez’s materials
In this section, we explore the data from package palmerpenguins
. A recent publication from the researcher, Dr Kristen Gorman, who shared the data is Connors et al. (2020).
## Warning: package 'palmerpenguins' was built under R version 4.1.1
## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.1.1
## Warning: package 'readr' was built under R version 4.1.1
The data are displayed below (first 10 rows) :
penguins %>%
slice(1:10) %>%
knitr::kable()
species | island | bill_length_mm | bill_depth_mm | flipper_length_mm | body_mass_g | sex | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adelie | Torgersen | 39.1 | 18.7 | 181 | 3750 | male | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 39.5 | 17.4 | 186 | 3800 | female | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 40.3 | 18.0 | 195 | 3250 | female | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 36.7 | 19.3 | 193 | 3450 | female | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 39.3 | 20.6 | 190 | 3650 | male | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 38.9 | 17.8 | 181 | 3625 | female | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 39.2 | 19.6 | 195 | 4675 | male | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 34.1 | 18.1 | 193 | 3475 | NA | 2007 |
Adelie | Torgersen | 42.0 | 20.2 | 190 | 4250 | NA | 2007 |
There are 344 penguins in the dataset, and 3 different species. The data were collected in 3 islands of the Palmer archipelago in Antarctica.
The mean of all traits that were measured on the penguins are:
## # A tibble: 3 x 6
## species bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g year
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Adelie 38.8 18.3 190. 3701. 2008.
## 2 Chinstrap 48.8 18.4 196. 3733. 2008.
## 3 Gentoo 47.5 15.0 217. 5076. 2008.
A histogram of body mass per species:
penguins %>%
ggplot() +
aes(x = body_mass_g) +
geom_histogram(aes(fill = species),
alpha = 0.5,
position = "identity") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("darkorange","purple","cyan4")) +
theme_minimal() +
labs(x = "Body mass (g)",
y = "Frequency",
title = "Penguin body mass")
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
The 3 species of penguins: